This table arrays hierarchically the levels of the Texas court system and, roughly, the flow of appeals upward through the courts. Cases begin in trial courts. At the lowest level are the local trial courts of limited jurisdiction which come in two types: municipal courts which enforce municipal ordinances and justice of the peace courts which handle small claims and other small civil and criminal matters. County-level courts of limited jurisdiction are the next rung up the ladder of the court system. Each of the 254 counties in Texas has one constitutional county court with limited civil and criminal jurisdiction. County judges usually have more executive and administrative responsibility than judicial work to do. County courts at law parallel the constitutional county courts and handle much of the judicial work of the courts at this level. Probate courts are the third type of county-level court. Next are the trial courts of general and special jurisdiction which handle most serious criminal and civil matters. Some of these specialize in particular types of cases, particularly criminal cases. State appeals courts handle primary appeals from trial courts. The state is divided into appellate districts, each appeals court hearing cases with from trial courts within its district. Final appeals within the state system go to the state's highest courts. Civil appeals and constitutional questions go before the state supreme court while the court of criminal appeals handles all criminal matters.
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