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Population Totals | Group Percentages |  |
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Source: U.S. Census; IPUMS. (full source) (variables)
Full Source: Total population figures are from the U.S. Census Bureau available through the Texas State
Library and Archives Commission at "United States and Texas Populations, 1850-2004"
http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/ref/abouttx/census.html (July 6, 2006).
The decennial census provides counts of African-Americans (in 1850 and 1860, slaves and free negros) and counts of other groups including American Indians, Asians, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders. For discussion and data tables, see Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung. "Total Population, White, Black, and Other, 1850-1990: Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States." http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056.html (June 21, 2006).
Census data on Hispanics is inconsistent, incomplete, or even non-existent across decennial censuses. To construct a meaningful and consistent representation of Hispanic population growth in Texas, rules developed by Myron Gutmann and Brian Gratton and their co-authors were applied to IPUMS data. See Gratton, Brian, and Myron Gutmann. 2000. "Hispanics in the United States, 1850-1990: Estimates of Population Size and National Origin." Historical Methods 33(3): 137-53. See also Gutmann, Myron, Robert McCaa, Rodolfo Gutierrez-Montes, and Brian Gratton. 1999. "The Demographic Impact of the Mexican Revolution in the United States." Texas Population Research Center Working Paper No. 99-00-01. http://www.prc.utexas.edu/working_papers/wp_pdf/99-00-01.pdf (July 4, 2006).
To construct estimates of the Hispanic population in Texas from 1850-2000, the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) was used. This public resource makes available for research high precision samples drawn from original census data. For each census year, available indicators were used or combined according to the rules of Gratton and Gutmann (2000) to produce a count of "Foreign Stock Hispanic" persons - defined as foreign born Hispanics plus native born persons with one or both parents born in a Spanish-speaking country or one or both parents Spanish speakers.
Given the extensive overlap between Hispanic and white categories in Census data, the number of non-Hispanic whites was estimated by subtracting the number of Foreign Stock Hispanics, the number of African Americans, and the number of Asians, Indians, and Pacific Islanders from the total population.
The decennial census provides counts of African-Americans (in 1850 and 1860, slaves and free negros) and counts of other groups including American Indians, Asians, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders. For discussion and data tables, see Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung. "Total Population, White, Black, and Other, 1850-1990: Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States." http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056.html (June 21, 2006).
Census data on Hispanics is inconsistent, incomplete, or even non-existent across decennial censuses. To construct a meaningful and consistent representation of Hispanic population growth in Texas, rules developed by Myron Gutmann and Brian Gratton and their co-authors were applied to IPUMS data. See Gratton, Brian, and Myron Gutmann. 2000. "Hispanics in the United States, 1850-1990: Estimates of Population Size and National Origin." Historical Methods 33(3): 137-53. See also Gutmann, Myron, Robert McCaa, Rodolfo Gutierrez-Montes, and Brian Gratton. 1999. "The Demographic Impact of the Mexican Revolution in the United States." Texas Population Research Center Working Paper No. 99-00-01. http://www.prc.utexas.edu/working_papers/wp_pdf/99-00-01.pdf (July 4, 2006).
To construct estimates of the Hispanic population in Texas from 1850-2000, the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) was used. This public resource makes available for research high precision samples drawn from original census data. For each census year, available indicators were used or combined according to the rules of Gratton and Gutmann (2000) to produce a count of "Foreign Stock Hispanic" persons - defined as foreign born Hispanics plus native born persons with one or both parents born in a Spanish-speaking country or one or both parents Spanish speakers.
Given the extensive overlap between Hispanic and white categories in Census data, the number of non-Hispanic whites was estimated by subtracting the number of Foreign Stock Hispanics, the number of African Americans, and the number of Asians, Indians, and Pacific Islanders from the total population.
Variables:
The variables used for each census year are described below.
1850: Those with a Spanish place of birth or a Spanish surname.
1860: Free, foreign-born inhabitants from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Spain, Uruguay, or Venezuela.
1870: Free, foreign-born inhabitants from 'Spanish' countries (see the 1860 list).
1880: Foreign stock based on IPUMS Spanish surname or place of birth for self, mother, or father. If self, mother, or father were born in a 'Spanish' country (see the 1860 list) or if the person had Spanish surname, then that person is designated as Foreign Stock Hispanic.
1890: Same rule as 1880.
1900: Foreign stock based on IPUMS mother tongue of self, mother, or father (Spanish), language spoken (Spanish), or place of birth for self, mother, or father (a Spanish country). If self, mother, or father were born in 'Spanish' country (see 1860 list), or if any of the other conditions are true, then the person is designated as Foreign Stock Hispanic.
1910: Same rule as 1900.
1920: Foreign stock based on IPUMS mother tongue of self, mother, or father (Spanish), place of birth for self, mother, or father (a Spanish country - see 1860 list), or Spanish surname. If self, mother, or father were born in 'Spanish' country, or if any of the other conditions are true, then the person is designated as Foreign Stock Hispanic.
1930: Foreign stock based on IPUMS place of birth for self, mother, or father (a Spanish country - see 1860 list), or Spanish surname. If self, mother, or father were born in a 'Spanish' country, or any of the other conditions are true, then the person is designated as Foreign Stock Hispanic.
1940: Census Bureau estimate of Hispanics (any race) based on 5 percent sample. See "Total Population, White, Black, and Other, 1850-1990: Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States." Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056.html (June 21, 2006).
1950: Same rule as 1930.
1960: Persons having a Hispanic surname or whose mother tongue is Spanish or whose own, mother's, or father's place of birth was a Spanish-speaking country (see 1860 list).
1970: Census Bureau estimate of Hispanics (any race) based on 15 percent sample. See citation for 1940.
1980: Persons having a Hispanic surname or who speak Spanish or whose own, mother's, or father's place of birth was a Spanish-speaking country (see 1860 list) or who claimed Hispanic origin.
1990: Persons who speak Spanish or whose own birth place was a Spanish-speaking country (see 1860 list) or who claimed Hispanic origin.
2000: Persons who speaking Spanish or whose own birth place was a Spanish-speaking country (see 1860 list) or who claimed Hispanic origin.
1850: Those with a Spanish place of birth or a Spanish surname.
1860: Free, foreign-born inhabitants from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Spain, Uruguay, or Venezuela.
1870: Free, foreign-born inhabitants from 'Spanish' countries (see the 1860 list).
1880: Foreign stock based on IPUMS Spanish surname or place of birth for self, mother, or father. If self, mother, or father were born in a 'Spanish' country (see the 1860 list) or if the person had Spanish surname, then that person is designated as Foreign Stock Hispanic.
1890: Same rule as 1880.
1900: Foreign stock based on IPUMS mother tongue of self, mother, or father (Spanish), language spoken (Spanish), or place of birth for self, mother, or father (a Spanish country). If self, mother, or father were born in 'Spanish' country (see 1860 list), or if any of the other conditions are true, then the person is designated as Foreign Stock Hispanic.
1910: Same rule as 1900.
1920: Foreign stock based on IPUMS mother tongue of self, mother, or father (Spanish), place of birth for self, mother, or father (a Spanish country - see 1860 list), or Spanish surname. If self, mother, or father were born in 'Spanish' country, or if any of the other conditions are true, then the person is designated as Foreign Stock Hispanic.
1930: Foreign stock based on IPUMS place of birth for self, mother, or father (a Spanish country - see 1860 list), or Spanish surname. If self, mother, or father were born in a 'Spanish' country, or any of the other conditions are true, then the person is designated as Foreign Stock Hispanic.
1940: Census Bureau estimate of Hispanics (any race) based on 5 percent sample. See "Total Population, White, Black, and Other, 1850-1990: Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States." Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056.html (June 21, 2006).
1950: Same rule as 1930.
1960: Persons having a Hispanic surname or whose mother tongue is Spanish or whose own, mother's, or father's place of birth was a Spanish-speaking country (see 1860 list).
1970: Census Bureau estimate of Hispanics (any race) based on 15 percent sample. See citation for 1940.
1980: Persons having a Hispanic surname or who speak Spanish or whose own, mother's, or father's place of birth was a Spanish-speaking country (see 1860 list) or who claimed Hispanic origin.
1990: Persons who speak Spanish or whose own birth place was a Spanish-speaking country (see 1860 list) or who claimed Hispanic origin.
2000: Persons who speaking Spanish or whose own birth place was a Spanish-speaking country (see 1860 list) or who claimed Hispanic origin.