Expected long-term impact of increasing tariffs on the U.S. economy (June 2025)

• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?"
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Measurement of Party ID for this figure is based on two questions. First, respondents were asked whether they consider themselves to be a Democrats, Republicans, independents, other, or not sure. Those who responded that they are independents or "other" were then asked if they lean toward either the Democrats or Republicans. If they indicated that they lean toward one party or the other, they are considered Democrats or Republicans for the purposes of this figure. Only "pure" independents or members of a third party who indicate that they have no preference for Democrats vis-a-vis Republicans are considered independents. Respondents who answered that they are "not sure" for either of the two aforementioned questions are not incorporated into this figure.
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Party identification is calculated according to the PID7 variable, a seven point scale of party identification.
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Party identification is calculated according to the PID7 variable, a seven point scale of party identification.
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Ideology is measured on a scale of 1-7, with 1 corresponding to "extremely liberal", 7 corresponding to "extremely conservative, and 4 corresponding to "in the middle." For the purposes of this table, respondents who placed themselves at or between points 1 and 3 on the scale are considered "liberal," respondents who placed themselves at point 4 on the scale are considered "moderate," and respondents who placed themselves at or between points 5 and 7 on the scale are considered conservative.
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Ideology is measured on a scale of 1-7, with 1 corresponding to "extremely liberal", 7 corresponding to "extremely conservative, and 4 corresponding to "in the middle." For the purposes of this table, respondents who placed themselves at or between points 1 and 3 on the scale are considered "liberal," respondents who placed themselves at point 4 on the scale are considered "moderate," and respondents who placed themselves at or between points 5 and 7 on the scale are considered conservative.
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Ideology is measured on a scale of 1-7, with 1 corresponding to "extremely liberal", 7 corresponding to "extremely conservative, and 4 corresponding to "in the middle." For the purposes of this table, respondents who placed themselves at or between points 1 and 3 on the scale are considered "liberal," respondents who placed themselves at point 4 on the scale are considered "moderate," and respondents who placed themselves at or between points 5 and 7 on the scale are considered conservative.
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Race is calculated according to the race variable.
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Gender is calculated according to the GENDER variable.
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Community type is based on the following question, " Would you say that you live in an urban, suburban, or rural community?"
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Age is calculated according to the AGEG variable.
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Education is calculated according to the EDUC variable.
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Religiosity is calculated according to the IMPORT variable.
• More Respondents were asked, "In the long run, do you think the U.S. increasing tariffs will generally help the U.S. economy, hurt the U.S. economy, or have no impact on the U.S. economy?" Fundamentalism is calculated according to the LITERAL variable.