Factor Most to Blame for School Shootings (June 2018)

• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)"
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" Measurement of Party ID for this figure is based on two questions. First, respondents were asked whether they consider themselves to be a Democrats, Republicans, independents, other, or not sure. Those who responded that they are independents or "other" were then asked if they lean toward either the Democrats or Republicans. If they indicated that they lean toward one party or the other, they are considered Democrats or Republicans for the purposes of this figure. Only "pure" independents or members of a third party who indicate that they have no preference for Democrats vis-a-vis Republicans are considered independents . Respondents who answered that they are "not sure" for either of the two aforementioned questions are not incorporated into this figure.
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" Party identification is calculated according to the PID7 variable, a seven point scale of party identification.
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" Party identification is calculated according to the PID7 variable, a seven point scale of party identification.
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" Ideology is measured on a scale of 1-7, with 1 corresponding to "extremely liberal", 7 corresponding to "extremely conservative, and 4 corresponding to "in the middle." For the purposes of this table, respondents who placed themselves at or between points 1 and 3 on the scale are considered "liberal," respondents who placed themselves at point 4 on the scale are considered "moderate," and respondents who placed themselves at or between points 5 and 7 on the scale are considered conservative.
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" The ideology measure is based on respondent self-placement in response to the following question: "On a scale from 1 to 7, where 1 is extremely liberal, 7 is extremely conservative, and 4 is exactly in the middle, where would you place yourself?" The placements are further classified such that 1 is extremely liberal, 2 is very liberal, 3 is somewhat liberal, 4 is moderate, 5 is somewhat conservative, 6 is very conservative, and 7 is extremely conservative.
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" The ideology measure is based on respondent self-placement in response to the following question: "On a scale from 1 to 7, where 1 is extremely liberal, 7 is extremely conservative, and 4 is exactly in the middle, where would you place yourself?" The placements are further classified such that 1 is extremely liberal, 2 is very liberal, 3 is somewhat liberal, 4 is moderate, 5 is somewhat conservative, 6 is very conservative, and 7 is extremely conservative.
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" Tea Party identification is based on the following question, also asked in the survey: "Suppose the Tea Party movement organized itself as a political party. When thinking about the next election for Congress, would you vote for the Republican candidate from your district, the Democratic candidate from your district, or the Tea Party candidate from your district?" Those who responded "Republican candidate" are considered Republicans (non-Tea Party movement) and those who responded "Tea Party candidate" are considered Tea Party Republicans.
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" Race is calculated according to the race variable.
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" Gender is calculated according to the GENDER variable.
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" Community is based on the following question, " Would you say that you live in an urban, suburban, or rural community?"
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" Age is calculated according to the AGEG variable.
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" Education is calculated according to the EDUC variable.
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" Religiosity is calculated according to the IMPORT variable.
• More Respondents were asked, "Thinking about school shootings that have occurred in the United States in recent years, which of the following factors is most to blame for these school shootings?" Full answer choices were: "Insufficient restrictions on gun ownership", "Poor enforcement of existing gun laws", "Insufficient security at schools", "Insufficient mental health resources for students", "Poor parenting", "Media attention to perpetrators", "Drug use", "Violence in popular culture (for example, violent video games and movies)", "Failure to identify potential school shooters in advance", "School building design (for example, too many entrances and exits)", "Bullying (in person and online)" Fundamentalism is calculated according to the LITERAL variable.